Yttrium, is a chemical element that has the symbol Y and atomic number 39. A silvery metallic transition metal, yttrium is common in rare-earth minerals and two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays, such as those used for televisions.
Yttrium is a silver-metallic, lustrous rare earth metal that is relatively stable in air, strongly resembles scandium in appearance, and chemically resembles the lanthanides, and can appear to gain a slight pink lustre on exposure to light. Shavings or turnings of the metal can ignite in air when they exceed 400 °C. When yttrium is finely divided, it is very unstable in air. The metal has a low neutron cross-section for nuclear capture. The common oxidation state of yttrium is +3.
Technical Data
Symbol |
Y |
Density (20°C)/gcm3 |
4.5 |
Atomic number |
39 |
Melting point /°C |
1530 |
No. of naturally occurring isotopes |
1 |
Boiling point /°C |
3264 |
Atomic weight |
88.9059 |
ΔHfus/kJmol-1 |
11.5 |
Electronic configuration |
[Kr]4d15s2 |
ΔHvap/kJmol-1 |
367 |
Metal radius(12-coordinate)/pm |
180 |
ΔHf(monoatomic gas)/kJmol-1 |
425(+/-8) |
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm |
90 |
Electrical resistivity |
|
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 I |
616 |
(20°C)/μohm cm |
57-70 |
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 II |
1181 |
Electronegativity χ |
1.2 |
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 III |
1980 |
E° (M3+(aq)\ + 3e- →M(s))/V |
-2.372 |
Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (oC) @Vap. Pressure |
Techniques |
Remarks |
10-8 Torr |
10-6 Torr |
10-4 Torr |
Electron Beam |
Crucible |
Coil |
Boat |
830 |
973 |
1157 |
Excellent |
Al2O3 |
Tungsten |
Tungsten & Tantalum |
High Tantalum Solubility |
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