Thulium is a chemical element that has the symbol Tm and atomic number 69. A lanthanide element, thulium is the least abundant of the rare earths. It is an easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray luster and can be cut by a knife. It has some corrosion resistance in dry air and good ductility. Naturally occurring thulium is made entirely of the stable isotope Tm-169.
Technical Data
Symbol |
Tm |
Density (25°C)/gcm3 |
9.318 |
Atomic number |
69 |
Melting point /°C |
1545 |
No. of naturally occurring isotopes |
1 |
Boiling point /°C |
-1727 |
Atomic weight |
168.9342 |
ΔHvap/kJmol-1 |
247 |
Outer electron configuration |
4f136s2 |
ΔHf(monoatomic gas)/kJmol-1 |
232 |
Metal radius(6-coordinate)/pm |
175.9 |
ΔH(hydration Ln3+)/kJmol-1 |
3717 |
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm III |
88 |
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 I |
589 |
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm II |
103 |
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 II |
1163 |
E° (M3+(aq)\ + 3e- →M(s))/V |
-2.278 |
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 III |
2305 |
Electrical resistivity (25°C)/μohm cm |
90 |
|
|
Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (oC) @Vap. Pressure |
Techniques |
Remarks |
10-8 Torr |
10-6 Torr |
10-4 Torr |
Electron Beam |
Crucible |
Coil |
Boat |
461 Sublimes |
554 Sublimes |
680 Sublimes |
Good |
Al2O3 |
- |
Tantalum |
|
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