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Manganese, Mn

Manganese is a chemical element that has the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is found as the free element in nature (often in combination with iron), and in many minerals. The free element is a metal with important industrial metal alloy uses. Manganese ions are variously colored, and are used industrially as pigments and as oxidation chemicals. Manganese (II) ions function as cofactors for a number of enzymes; the element is thus a required trace mineral for all known living organisms.

Manganese is a gray-white metal resembling iron. It is a hard metal and is very brittle, fusible with difficulty, but easily oxidized. Manganese metal and its common ions are paramagnetic. This means that, while manganese metal does not form a permanent magnet, it does exhibit strong magnetic properties in the presence of an external magnetic field.

Technical Data
Symbol	Mn	Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm III	58(ls) 64.5(hs)
Atomic number	25	Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm II	67
No. of naturally occurring isotopes	1	Density (25°C)/gcm^-3	7.43
Atomic weight	54.938	Melting point / °C	1244
Electronic configuration	[Ar]3d⁵4s²	Boiling point / °C	2060
Metal radius(12-coordinate)/pm	127	ΔH_fus/kJmol^-1	-13.4
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm VII	46	ΔH_vap/kJmol^-1	221 (+/-8)
Ionic radius(4-coordinate)/pm VI	25.5	ΔH_{f(monoatomic gas)}/kJmol^-1	281 (+/-6)
Ionic radius(4-coordinate)/pm V	33	Electrical resistivity	185
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm IV	53	Electronegativity χ	1.5

Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (^oC) @Vap. Pressure			Techniques				Remarks
10^-8 Torr	10^-6 Torr	10^-4 Torr	Electron Beam	Crucible	Coil	Boat	Remarks
507 Sublimes	572 Sublimes	647 Sublimes	Good	Al₂O₃	Tungsten	Tungsten, Molybdenum & Tantalum

Evaporation Materials
M2-5003-M pieces 3-12 mm
M2-5010-M pieces 1-3 mm
M2-5012-M pellets 6mm diameter x 6mm long

Powder
M2-10002-P -325 mesh
M2-10030-P 20-50 mesh

Rods
M2-2000-R 0.125" (3.175mm)
M2-2001-R 0.250" (6.35mm)
M2-2002-R 0.375" (9.25mm)

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