Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It was named after the continent Europe.
Europium is the most reactive of the rare earth elements; it rapidly oxidizes in air, and resembles calcium in its reaction with water; deliveries of the metal element in solid form, even when coated with a protective layer of mineral oil, are rarely shiny. Europium ignites in air at about 150 °C to 180 °C. It is about as hard as lead and quite ductile.
Technical Data
Symbol |
Eu |
Density (25°C)/gcm |
5.245 |
Atomic number |
63 |
Melting point /°C |
826 |
No. of naturally occurring isotopes |
2 |
Boiling point /°C |
-1439 |
Atomic weight |
151.96 |
ΔHvap/kJmol-1 |
176 |
Outer electron configuration |
4f76s2 |
ΔHmonoatomic gas/kJmol-1 |
178 |
Metal radius( 6-coordinatc)/pm |
208.4 |
ΔH(hydration Ln3+)/kJmol-1 |
3547 |
Ionic radius(6-coordinatc)/pm 111 |
94.7 |
Ionization cnergy/kJmol-1 I |
547 |
Ionic radius(6-coordinatc)/pm 11 |
117 |
Ionization cnergy/kJmol-1 II |
1085 |
Electrical resistivity (25 °C)/μohm cm |
81 |
Ionization cnergy/kJmol-1 III |
2425 |
Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (oC) @Vap. Pressure |
Techniques |
Remarks |
10-8 Torr |
10-6 Torr |
10-4 Torr |
Electron Beam |
Crucible |
Coil |
Boat |
280 Sublimes |
360 Sublimes |
480 Sublimes |
Fair |
Al2O3 |
- |
Tungsten & Tantalum |
Low tantalum solubility. |
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