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Cadmium, Cd

Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. A relatively abundant, soft, bluish-white, transition metal, cadmium is known to cause cancer and occurs with zinc ores. Cadmium is used largely in batteries and pigments, for example in plastic products.

Cadmium is a soft, malleable, ductile, toxic, bluish-white bivalent metal. It is similar in many respects to zinc but reacts to form more complex compounds.

The most common oxidation state of cadmium is +2, though rare examples of +1 can be found

One particular isotope of cadmium, 113Cd, absorbs neutrons with very high probability if they have an energy below the cadmium cutoff and transmits them readily otherwise. The cadmium cutoff is about 0.5 eV. Neutrons with energy below the cutoff are deemed slow neutrons, distinguishing them from intermediate and fast neutrons.

Technical Data
Symbol	Cd	Density (25°C)/gcm^-3	8.65
Atomic number	48	Melting point /°C	320.8
No. of naturally occurring isotopes	8	Boiling point /°C	765
Atomic weight	112.41	ΔH_fus/kJmol^-1	6.4 (+/-0.2)
Electronic configuration	[Kr] 4d¹⁰5s²	ΔH_vap/kJmol^-1	100.0 (+/-2.1)
Ionization energy/kjmol^-1I	876.5	ΔH_{f(monoatomic gas)/}kJmol^-1	111.9(+/-2.1)
II	1631	E^o(M²⁺_(aq)⁺2e^-→M_(S))/V	-0.403
III	3644	Electrical resistivity
Metal radius (12 coordinate)/pm	151	(20°C)/ μohm cm	7.5
Effective ionic radius/pm II	95	Electronegativity χ	1.7

Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (^oC) @Vap. Pressure			Techniques				Remarks
10^-8 Torr	10^-6 Torr	10^-4 Torr	Electron Beam	Crucible	Coil	Boat	Remarks
64	120	180	Poor	Al₂O₃ & Quartz	-	Tungsten, Niobium, Molybdenum & Tantalum	Poisons vacuum systems, low sticking coefficient.

Evaporation Materials
C1-5000-M Ingot (Please ask for sizes)
C1-5001-M 6mm diameter x 3mm long pellets
C1-5002-M 6mm diameter x 6mm long pellets
C1-5003-M pieces 3-6mm

The foils are available in either rectangular or circular shape. Please enter width and length or diameter of the required foil.

Foil
C1-3003-F 0.004" (0.1mm)
C1-3007-F 0.008" (0.2mm)

Powder
C1-10000-P -100 mesh
C1-10001-P -200 mesh
C1-10002-P -325 mesh

Rods
C1-2000-R 0.0625" (1.58mm)
C1-2001-R 0.125" (3.175mm)
C1-2002-R 0.250" (6.35mm)
C1-2003-R 0.500" (12.7mm)
C1-2004-R 0.625" (15.88mm)
C1-2005-R 7mm

Sheet
C1-4002-S 0.020" (0.5mm)
C1-4003-S 0.030" (0.76mm)
C1-4004-S 0.040" (1.0mm)
C1-4006-S 0.060" (1.5mm)
C1-4008-S 0.125" (3.175mm)
C1-4009-S 0.250" (6.35mm)
C1-4010-S 0.385" (9.5mm)
C1-4011-S 0.500" (12.7mm)
C1-4012-S 0.750" (19.05mm)
C1-4013-S 1" (25.4mm)

Wire
C1-1002-W 0.020" (0.5mm)
C1-1004-W 0.040" (1.0mm)
C1-1008-W 0.080" (2.03mm)

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