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Bismuth, Bi

Bismuth is a chemical element that has the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. This heavy, brittle, white crystalline trivalent poor metal has a pink tinge and chemically resembles arsenic and antimony. Of all the metals, it is the most naturally diamagnetic, and only mercury has a lower thermal conductivity.

Bismuth compounds are used in cosmetics and in medical procedures. As the toxicity of lead has become more apparent in recent years, alloy uses for bismuth metal as a replacement for lead have become an increasing part of bismuth's commercial importance.

Technical Data
Symbol	Bi	Density (25°C)/gcm^-3	9.808
Atomic number	83	Melting point /°C	271.4
Atomic weight	208.9804	Boiling point /°C	1564
Electronic configuration	[Xe] 4f⁴5d¹⁰6s²6p³	r_cov(M^III single bond)/pm	150
Ionization energy/MJmol^-1 I	0.703	r^ionic(6-coordinate)( M^III)/pm	103
II	1.61	(6-coordinate)(M^V)/pm	76
III	2.466	Hardness (Mohs)
Sum (I+II+III)/MJmol''	4.779	Electrical resistivity
Sum (IV+V)/MJmol'	9.779	(20°C)/ μohm cm	120
Electronegativity χ	1.9	Contraction on freezing/%	-3.32

Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (^oC) @Vap. Pressure			Techniques				Remarks
10^-8 Torr	10^-6 Torr	10^-4 Torr	Electron Beam	Crucible	Coil	Boat	Remarks
330	410	520	Excellent	Al₂O₃ & Vitreous Graphite	Tungsten	Molybdenum, Tantalum, Al₂O₃ & Tungsten	Vapors are toxic, High resistivity. No shorting of baskets

Evaporation Materials
B3-5000-M Ingot (Please ask for sizes)
B3-5001-M pellets 6mm diameter x 3mm long
B3-5002-M pellets 6mm diameter x 6mm long
B3-5003-M pieces 1-12mm
B3-5005-M shot 3mm
B3-5011-M pieces 1-5mm

Powder
B3-10000-P -100 mesh
B3-10001-P -200 mesh
B3-10002-P -325 mesh

Rods
B3-2000-R 0.125" (3.175mm)
B3-2001-R 0.250" (6.35mm)
B3-2002-R 0.500" (12.7mm)
B3-2003-R 0.625" (15.88mm)
B3-2004-R 0.750" (19.05mm)
B3-2005-R 1" (25.4mm)
B3-2006-R 11mm

Sheet
B3-4000-S 0.125" (3.175mm)
B3-4001-S 0.250" (6.35mm)
B3-4002-S 0.375" (9.525mm)
B3-4003-S 0.500" (12.7mm)
B3-4004-S 0.750" (19.05mm)
B3-4005-S 1" (25.4mm)

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