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Vanadium, V

Vanadium is a chemical element that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. A soft and ductile element, vanadium naturally occurs in certain minerals and is used mainly to produce certain alloys. It is one of the 26 elements found in most living organisms.

Vanadium is a soft and ductile, silver-grey metal. It has good resistance to corrosion by alkalis, sulfuric and hydrochloric acid. It oxidizes readily at about 933 K (660 C). Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. Although a metal, it shares with chromium and manganese the property of having valency oxides with acid properties.

Common oxidation states of vanadium include +2, +3, +4 and +5. A popular experiment with ammonium vanadate NH₄VO₃, reducing the compound with zinc metal, can demonstrate colorimetrically all four of these vanadium oxidation states. A +1 oxidation state is rarely seen.

Technical Data
Symbol	V	Density (20°C)/gcm³	6.11
Atomic number	23	Melting point / °C	1915
No. of naturally occurring isotopes	2	Boiling point / °C	3350
Atomic weight	50.9415	ΔH_fus/kJmol^-1	17.5
Electronic configuration	[Ar]3d³4s²	ΔH_vap/kJmol^-1	459.7
Metal radius(12-coordinate)/pm	134	ΔH_{f(monoatomic gas)}/kJmol^-1	510(+/-29)
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm V	54	Electronegativity χ	1.6
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm IV	58	Electrical resistivity
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm III	64	(20°C)/μohm cm	~25

Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (^oC) @Vap. Pressure			Techniques				Remarks
10^-8 Torr	10^-6 Torr	10^-4 Torr	Electron Beam	Crucible	Coil	Boat	Remarks
1162	1332	1547	Excellent	-	-	Tungsten & Molybdenum	Wets Molybdenum. EB evaporated films preferred.

Evaporation Materials
V1-5000-M pellets 6mm diameter x 3mm long
V1-5001-M pellets 6mm diameter x 6mm long
V1-5002-M pieces 3mm and smaller

The foils are available in either rectangular or circular shape. Please enter width and length or diameter of the required foil.

Foil
V1-3003-F 0.004" (0.1mm)
V1-3007-F 0.008" (0.2mm)

Powder
V1-10000-P -20 mesh
V1-10002-P -325 mesh

Rods
V1-2000-R 0.0625" (1.58mm)
V1-2001-R 0.125" (3.175mm)
V1-2002-R 0.250" (6.35mm)
V1-2003-R 0.500" (12.7mm)
V1-2004-R 0.625" (15.88mm)
V1-2005-R 0.750" (19.05mm)
V1-2006-R 1" (25.4mm)

Sheet
V1-4001-S 0.015" (0.38mm)
V1-4002-S 0.020" (0.5mm)
V1-4003-S 0.030" (0.76mm)
V1-4004-S 0.040" (1mm)
V1-4006-S 0.060" (1.5mm)
V1-4008-S 0.125" (3.175mm)
V1-4009-S 0.250" (6.35mm)
V1-4010-S 0.375" (9.525mm)
V1-4011-S 0.500" (12.7mm)
V1-4012-S 0.750" (19.05mm)
V1-4013-S 1" (25.4mm)

Wire
V1-1000-W 0.005" (0.127mm)
V1-1001-W 0.006" (0.152mm)
V1-1003-W 0.008" (0.203mm)
V1-1007-W 0.020" (0.5mm)
V1-1009-W 0.040" (1.0mm)
V1-1013-W 0.080" (2.0mm)

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