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Zirconium, Zr

Description

Zirconium is a chemical element with the symbol Zr and atomic number 40. It is a lustrous, gray-white, strong transition metal that resembles titanium. Zirconium is never found as a native metal, but is instead obtained mainly from the mineral zircon. Zirconium is used as an alloying agent due to its high resistance to corrosion.

Zirconium is a lustrous, grayish-white, soft, ductile, and malleable metal which is solid at room temperature, though it becomes hard and brittle at higher purities. In powder form, zirconium is highly flammable, but the solid form is far less prone to igniting. Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water, and other agents. However, it will dissolve in hydrochloric and sulfuric acid, especially when fluorine is present. Alloys with zinc become magnetic below 35 K

The melting point of zirconium is at 1855°C, and the boiling point is at 4409°C. Zirconium has an electronegativity of 1.33 on the Pauling scale. Of the elements within d-block, Zirconium has the fourth lowest electronegativity after yttrium, lutetium, and hafnium. 

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Technical Data
Symbol Zr Density (25°C)/gcm3 6.51
Atomic number 40 Melting point / °C 1857
No. of naturally occurring isotopes 5 Boiling point / °C 4200
Atomic weight 91.22 ΔHfus/kJmol-1 19.2
Electronic configuration [Kr]4d25s2 ΔHvap/kJmol-1 567
Metal radius/pm 160 ΔHf(monoatomic gas)/kJmol-1 612(+/-11)
Ionic radius(6-coordinate)/pm M(IV) 72 Electrical resistivity  
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 I 660 (20°C)/μohm cm 40
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 II 1267 Electronegativity χ 1.4
Ionization energy/kJmol-1 III 2218    

Evaporation Techniques
Temperature (oC) @Vap. Pressure Techniques Remarks
10-8 Torr 10-6 Torr 10-4 Torr Electron Beam Crucible Coil Boat
1477 1702 1987 Excellent - - Tungsten Alloys with Tungsten. Films oxidize readily
Go to Evaporation Sources Page

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